Definition of IUD (intrauterine contraceptive device)
IUD (intrauterine contraceptive device): A device inserted
into the uterus (womb) to prevent conception (pregnancy). The IUD can
be a coil, loop, triangle, or T-shape. It can be plastic or metal.
An IUD is inserted into the uterus by a health-care professional.
Of two types of IUDs approved in the U.S., one can remain in place
for 10 years, while the other must be replaced every year.
How IUDs prevent pregnancy is not entirely clear. They seem to
prevent sperm and eggs from meeting by either immobilizing the sperm
on their way to the fallopian tubes or by changing the uterine lining
so the fertilized egg cannot implant in it.
IUDs have one of the lowest failure rates of any contraceptive
method. " In the population for which the IUD is appropriate --
for those in a mutually monogamous, stable relationship who are not
at a high risk of infection -- the IUD is considered a safe and
effective method of contraception.
However, the IUD's image suffered when the Dalkon Shield IUD,
which was associated with a high incidence of pelvic infections and
infertility and some deaths, was taken off the market in 1975. Today,
serious complication from IUDs are rare, although IUD users may be at
increased risk of
developing pelvic inflammatory disease. Other side effects can include
perforation of the uterus, abnormal bleeding, and cramps. Complications
occur most often during and immediately after insertion.
This is in part based on information from the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration (the FDA).
Last Editorial Review: 3/26/1998 2:25:00 PM
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