Definition of Lumbar radiculopathy
Lumbar radiculopathy: Nerve irritation caused by damage to the discs between the vertebrae. Damage to the disc occurs because of degeneration ("wear and tear") of the outer ring of the disc, traumatic injury, or both. As a result, the central softer portion of the disc can rupture (herniate) through the outer ring of the disc and abut the spinal cord or its nerves as they exit the bony spinal column. This rupture is what causes the commonly recognized pain of "sciatica" that shoots down the leg.
Sciatica can be
preceded by a history of localized low back aching or it can follow a "popping" sensation and be accompanied by numbness and tingling. The pain commonly increases with movements at the waist and can increase with coughing or sneezing. In more severe instances, sciatica can be accompanied by incontinence of the bladder and/or bowels. Increased radiating pain when the lower extremity is lifted supports the diagnosis of lumbar radiculopathy. Nerve testing (EMG/electromyogram and NCV/nerve conduction
velocity) of the lower extremities can be used to detect nerve irritation. The actual disc herniation can be detected with radiology testing, such as CAT or MRI scanning.
Treatment of lumbar radiculopathy ranges from medical
management to surgery. Medical management includes patient education,
medications to relieve pain and muscles spasm, cortisone injection around the spinal cord (epidural injection), physical therapy (heat, massage, ultrasound, electrical stimulation),
and rest (not strict bed rest, but avoiding re-injury). With unrelenting pain,
severe impairment of function, or incontinence (which can indicate spinal cord
irritation), surgery may be necessary. The operation performed depends on the
overall status of the spine, and the age and health of the patient. Procedures
include removal of the herniated disc with laminotomy (a
small hole in the bone of the lumbar spine surrounding the spinal cord),
laminectomy (removal of the bony wall), by needle technique (percutaneous
discectomy), and disc-dissolving
procedures (chemonucleolysis).
Last Editorial Review: 1/14/2004
- CT Scan (Computerized Axial Tomography) - CT Scan (Computerized Axial Tomography, CAT scan) is a procedure that assists in diagnosing tumors, fractures, bony structures, and infections in the organs and tissues of the body.
- Sciatica - Read about sciatica pain causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Sciatic nerve irritation causes pain that radiates down the leg from the low back or buttocks.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan) - Medical information on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used in detecting structural abnormalities of the body. Learn uses, risks, and how to prepare for an MRI scan
Latest Medical News
Back to MedTerms online medical dictionary A-Z List
